Main Category	Sub-category	Demo Name	Brief Description	Demo Notes	Demo #	Type of Item
Liquids and Solids	Analytical chemistry	salt solutions to taste	salt is added to bottles of water, and student volunteers taste small samples to decide which is saltier		151	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	Collapsing can	Heated water in soda can, invert into water.  The heated can has a partial vacuum and when sealed by the water it implodes with noise.	Very popular.  Be sure to practice.  Also on Shakhashiri tape 2 #28	32	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	Superheated steam	Water is boiled in a paper cup or bag over a bunsen burner.  A copper coil containing steam is heated with burners causing the steam to char paper.		66	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	Liquid nitrogen experiment (and Fun-frozen fruit, balloons) and thunderstorm	Frozen fruit, Thunderstorm	very popular.  For the frozen fruit: Various items are placed in a bucket containing liquid nitrogen.  Once frozen, the items are thrown against the floor or whacked on the table to shatter.  Audience volunteers makes this the most fun.  For the thunderstorm:  Heat a huge metal coffee pot of water (use 1/2 as much if too heavy).  Pour 5-10 L of liquid nitrogen into very large plastic tub.  Pour the hot water into the tub of liquid nitrogen all at once and step back.  There will be an immediate kaboom and a white cloud several feet up that rains down onto anybody close by.  The person pouring won't be able to see a thing because they will be surrounded by a cloud fog and rained onto.  When I did it, I ended up with ice drops on my pants.  Move or cover anything you don't want wet and be prepared to mop up at the end, especially if there will be another class in there.  Some have said that this is the highlight of any circus.	67	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	boiling at reduced pressure	A hot flask of water boils again after cooling with crushed ice.		77	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	Sublimation and gas expansion	Dry ice, warm water in Sunny delight bottles-shoots lid; dry ice fog.  Put a few chunks of dry ice and a little water into the bottle and snap on the lid.  Be sure it is standing upright and not pointed at anyone.	Also on Shakhashiri tape III #40.  Try to keep track of where the lid goes so it can be reused.	89	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	Evaporation rates of liquids	H2O, EtOH, acetone, ether.  Students hold watch glasses containing the liquids to show which evaporate fastest.		101	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	Freezing and thawing of 4 liquids (acetone, water, ethanol, ether)	open vials of the liquids are frozen in liquid nitrogen, then the rates of thawing are compared.  The order is similar to the evaporation rates in #101		104	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	sugar, diet coke	A coke can is opened and heated to evaporate the water leaving the sugary residue.		150	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Heat Transfer – Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization	Sublimation and gas expansion		Shakhashiri tape III #40.	M32	Movie
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	Thermal expansion of gases	Dry ice is placed in balloon, plastic bag or rubber glove and sealed, then with time inflates the object.	It usually won't explode the balloon, but might break the seal on the bags to give a pop sound.  Also on Shakashiri tape 2 #29	30	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	Liquid nitrogen experiment (and Fun-frozen fruit, balloons) and thunderstorm	Frozen fruit, Thunderstorm	very popular.  For the frozen fruit: Various items are placed in a bucket containing liquid nitrogen.  Once frozen, the items are thrown against the floor or whacked on the table to shatter.  Audience volunteers makes this the most fun.  For the thunderstorm:  Heat a huge metal coffee pot of water (use 1/2 as much if too heavy).  Pour 5-10 L of liquid nitrogen into very large plastic tub.  Pour the hot water into the tub of liquid nitrogen all at once and step back.  There will be an immediate kaboom and a white cloud several feet up that rains down onto anybody close by.  The person pouring won't be able to see a thing because they will be surrounded by a cloud fog and rained onto.  When I did it, I ended up with ice drops on my pants.  Move or cover anything you don't want wet and be prepared to mop up at the end, especially if there will be another class in there.  Some have said that this is the highlight of any circus.	67	Demonstration
Liquids and solids	Intermolecular Forces	soap bubbles and super soaker - films	Have fun blowing bubbles		90	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	Equilibrium by diffusion of coloring in water	add drops of coloring to a big beaker of water, let it sit and become uniform, notice the mixing of the color throughout class		93	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	Polymers-polyurethane foam, polystyrene and acetone, starch peanuts/H2O	Formation of polyurethane foam from two liquids, solubility of polystyrene and starch packing peanuts in water and acetone.	Also on Shakhashiri tape 1 #16.  Pour a small amount of acetone to cover the bottom of a large beaker about 2cm deep.  Have someone keep adding styrofoam peanuts letting them "dissolve" (disappear) in the liquid at the bottom.  Really they are softened by the acetone and the gas bubbles collapse, and you can wear gloves or use tongs to pull up the gunk (polystyrene) that sits in the acetone.  You can also do it in a trash can for effect.  There are "ecofoam" peanuts made from corn starch that don't dissolve in acetone, but do in water, so you can compare the two foams in a demo, solvents, etc.  Some profs also show polyurethane foam being made-2 liquids are combined and stirred for a minute, then a gas that is produced causes the solution to foam up above the beaker.  It hardens so that you can thump it.  It is used for insulating boats for floatation.  Often paired with #99.	98	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	Hydrogen bonding in liquids	Swirl the solutions and observe the behavior - time for the vortex to disappear.  glycerin, conc acid, glycol, water, ethanol, ether, benzene swirling, polar forces		112	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	ice cream with liquid nitrogen	Ice cream mix is stirred into whole milk and liquid nitrogen is poured in to freeze it into a tasty treat.  Bowls are passed around and the students serve themselves.	Advance notice must be given in order to purchase adequate materials.	137	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	Polymers-polyurethane foam, polystyrene and acetone, starch peanuts/H2O	Formation of polyurethane foam from two liquids, solubility of polystyrene and starch packing peanuts in water and acetone.	Shakhashiri tape 1 #16	M34	Movie
Liquids and Solids	Intermolecular Forces	Thermal expansion of gases	Dry ice sublimes and inflates the container.	Shakashiri tape 2 #29	M8	Movie
Liquids and solids	paramagnetism	Liquid oxygen (Liquid Nitrogen in a can), singlet oxygen, paramagnetism, paramagnetic oxygen bubbles	use Shakhashiri demo tape, or do with strong magnet and soap bubbles floating	Also on Shakhashiri tape 2 #33; tape III #38	116	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Thermal expansion of gases	Dry ice is placed in balloon, plastic bag or rubber glove and sealed, then with time inflates the object.	It usually won't explode the balloon, but might break the seal on the bags to give a pop sound.  Also on Shakashiri tape 2 #29	30	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Solid-vapor equilibrium with sealed iodine tubes, triple point = "wet" dry ice			37	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	boiling at reduced pressure	A hot flask of water boils again after cooling with crushed ice.		77	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Sublimation and gas expansion	Dry ice, warm water in Sunny delight bottles-shoots lid; dry ice fog.  Put a few chunks of dry ice and a little water into the bottle and snap on the lid.  Be sure it is standing upright and not pointed at anyone.	Also on Shakhashiri tape III #40.  Try to keep track of where the lid goes so it can be reused.	89	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	liquid carbon dioxide		Also on Shakhashiri tape III #37	122	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Dry ice air hockey	Sublimation so puck "floats".	Best done in a class with tables so students can shoot the dry ice to each other.	139	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Three states of matter (NO2)	Not available - may be able to do in a hood, outside, or tape demo for use in class.	Risk of NO2 container breaking--need Sargent-Welch #4426.  On Shakhashiri Tape 2 #29; Close up on Chemistry Ealy 46:16 (2:56 min)  (Ealy set timer to zero when first line of text scrolls onto screen.)  See also demo #37.	01.x	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Sublimation and gas expansion		Shakhashiri tape III #40.	M32	Movie
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	liquid carbon dioxide		Shakhashiri tape III #37	M40	Movie
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Three states of matter (NO2)		Shakhashiri Tape 2 #29; Close up on Chemistry Ealy 46:16 (2:56 min)  (Ealy set timer to zero when first line of text scrolls onto screen)	M49	Movie
Liquids and Solids	Phase Diagrams	Thermal expansion of gases	Dry ice sublimes and inflates the container.	Shakashiri tape 2 #29	M8	Movie
Liquids and Solids	Physical Properties of Liquids (Viscosity, Surface Tension, Capillary Action)	Evaporation rates of liquids	H2O, EtOH, acetone, ether.  Students hold watch glasses containing the liquids to show which evaporate fastest.		101	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Physical Properties of Liquids (Viscosity, Surface Tension, Capillary Action)	Viscosity	glue on Styrofoam balls vs. plain balls.  styrofoam balls pour easily from a cup unless they have been previously coated with white glue		102	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Physical Properties of Liquids (Viscosity, Surface Tension, Capillary Action)	Water vs. acetone on glass	spray water or acetone on plate glass to see how they wet the glass		103	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Physical Properties of Liquids (Viscosity, Surface Tension, Capillary Action)	Freezing and thawing of 4 liquids (acetone, water, ethanol, ether)	open vials of the liquids are frozen in liquid nitrogen, then the rates of thawing are compared.  The order is similar to the evaporation rates in #101		104	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Vapor Pressure, Boiling Points and Distillation	boiling at reduced pressure	A hot flask of water boils again after cooling with crushed ice.		77	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids	Vapor Pressure, Boiling Points and Distillation	Evaporation rates of liquids	H2O, EtOH, acetone, ether.  Students hold watch glasses containing the liquids to show which evaporate fastest.		101	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids		Copper into gold (alloys)	Cu, Zn, NaOH: Cu coated with Zinc to brass really.  Copper pennies are heated in base over a burner.  After rinsing, they look silver (which would fade with time), then when passed through the flame they look gold (which is permanent).	With advance warning, coins can be made to be given as "awards".  Also on Shakhashiri Tape 1 #11	59	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids		Equilibrium by diffusion of coloring in water	add drops of coloring to a big beaker of water, let it sit and become uniform, notice the mixing of the color throughout class		93	Demonstration
Liquids and Solids		Copper into gold (alloys)	Cu, Zn, NaOH: Cu coated with Zinc to brass really.  Copper pennies are heated in base over a burner.  After rinsing, they look silver (which would fade with time), then when passed through the flame they look gold (which is permanent).	Shakhashiri Tape 1 #11	M24	Movie
Liquids and Solids		Collapsing can	Heated water in soda can, invert into water.  The heated can has a partial vacuum and when sealed by the water it implodes with noise.	Shakhashiri tape 2 #28	M9	Movie
Metals		Copper into gold (alloys)	Cu, Zn, NaOH: Cu coated with Zinc to brass really.  Copper pennies are heated in base over a burner.  After rinsing, they look silver (which would fade with time), then when passed through the flame they look gold (which is permanent).	With advance warning, coins can be made to be given as "awards".  Also on Shakhashiri Tape 1 #11	59	Demonstration
Metals		Copper into gold (alloys)	Cu, Zn, NaOH: Cu coated with Zinc to brass really.  Copper pennies are heated in base over a burner.  After rinsing, they look silver (which would fade with time), then when passed through the flame they look gold (which is permanent).	Shakhashiri Tape 1 #11	M24	Movie